Learn To Translate, Chinese Grammar

1) 专利 patent 审查 examination 指南 guide 中对技术方案 technical solution 的定义 definition 是 : English: The definition of technical solution in the Patent Examination Guide is: Indonesian: Definisi solusi teknis dalam Panduan Pemeriksaan Paten adalah: 2) 对要解决的技术 technical 问题所采用 use 的利用 utilize 了自然 natural 规律 laws 的技术 technical 手段 means 的集合collection English: A collection of technical means that utilizes natural laws for the technical problem to be solved Indonesian: Kumpulan sarana teknis yang memanfaatkan hukum alam untuk masalah teknis yang harus diselesaikan 3) 技术 Technical 手段 means 通常 usually 是由技术 technical 特征 features 体现 embodied 的。 English: Technical means are usually embodied by technical features. Indonesian: Sarana teknis biasanya direalisasikan oleh fitur teknis.

1) 技术方案 technical solution 是为研究 research 解决 to solve 各类 all categories 技术 technology 问题 problems ，有针对性 targeted ，系统性 systematic 的提出方法 proposed method 、应对措施 solutions 及相关对策 counter measures. English: Technical solutions are used to solve various technical problems, provide targeted and systematic proposed methods, response measures and related countermeasures while researching. Indonesian: Solusi teknis digunakan untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah teknis, memberikan metode usulan sistematis dan tertarget, melakukan langkah-langkah respons dan tindakan pencegahan terkait saat penelitian. 2) 内容可包括 科研方案 scientific research planning 、计划方案 project planning 、规划方案 planning scheme 、建设方案 development scheme 、设计方案 designing scheme 、施工方案 construction scheme 、施工组织设计 construction organization design 、投标流程中 bidding process 的技术标文件 Technical Standard Documents 、大型吊装作业 large hoisting operation 的吊装作业方案 hoisting operation plan 、生产方案 production decision 、管理方案 management plan 、技术措...

If the following clause has a subject, 但是 / 不过 must precede the subject, while 可是 may precede or follow it. Example: I want to go to Poland but I don't have any money. 1.    我 (w ǒ =I) 想 (xi ǎ ng=to want) 去 (q ù =to go) 波兰 (B ō l á n=Poland), 可是 (k ě sh ì =but) 我 (w ǒ =I) 没有 (m é iy ǒ u=have no) 钱 (qi á n=money) 。 ( 可是 may precede the subject) 2.    我 (w ǒ =I) 想 (xi ǎ ng=to want) 去 (q ù =to go) 波兰 (B ō l á n=Poland), 我 (w ǒ =I) 可是 (k ě sh ì =but) 没有 (m é iy ǒ u=have no) 钱 (qi á n=money) 。 ( 可是 may follow the subject) 3.    我 (w ǒ =I) 想 (xi ǎ ng=to want) 去 (q ù =to go) 波兰 (B ō l á n=Poland), 但是 (d à nsh ì =but) 我 (w ǒ =I) 没有 (m é iy ǒ u=have no) 钱 (qi á n=money) 。 ( 但是 must precede the subject) 4.    我 (w ǒ =I) 想 (xi ǎ ng=to want) 去 (q ù =to go) 波兰 (B ō l á n=Poland), 我 (w ǒ =I) 但是 (d à nsh ì =but) 没有 (m é iy ǒ u=have no) 钱 (qi á n=money) 。 (Wrong: 但是 must not follow the subject) 5.    我 (w ǒ =I) 想 (xi ǎ ng=to want) ...

不过 is more informal and mostly used in spoken Chinese. 不过 has a softest intensity of tone (compared with 但是 and 可是 ). 不过 is often associated with the positive result. It includes, is used to say 'no' or 'negative thing' in a softer way (to avoid hurt someone's feelings) so it sounds 'positive.' (Here it also depends on personal preference). Examples: The house is new, but it's very dirty. a. 房子 (f á ngzi=house) 很 (h ě n=very) 新 (x ī n=new) ，但是 (d à nsh ì =but) 很 (h ě n=very) 脏 (z ā ng=dirty) 。 b. 房子 (f á ngzi=house) 很 (h ě n=very) 新 (x ī n=new) ，可是 (k ě sh ì =but) 很 (h ě n=very) 脏 (z ā ng=dirty) 。 (More used for negative result) c. 房子 (f á ngzi=house) 很 (h ě n=very) 新 (x ī n=new) ，不过 (b ù ​ gu ò ) 很 (h ě n=very) 脏 (z ā ng=dirty) 。 (Make negative result sounds 'positive')

Learn Chinese Grammar: 但是 (d à nsh ì =but) vs. 可是 (k ě sh ì =but) : 但是 is more formal, it can be used in colloquial but more often used in news or written language. 但是 has a strongest intensity of tone (tends to give more emphasis to the second clause). 可是 is usually used in spoken Chinese and has a less strong intensity of tone than 但是 . 可是 is often associated with negative result (here it also depends on personal preference). Examples: The house is new, but it's very dirty. a. 房子 (f á ngzi=house) 很 (h ě n=very) 新 (x ī n=new) ，但是 (d à nsh ì =but) 很 (h ě n=very) 脏 (z ā ng=dirty) 。 b. 房子 (f á ngzi=house) 很 (h ě n=very) 新 (x ī n=new) ，可是 (k ě sh ì =but) 很 (h ě n=very) 脏 (z ā ng=dirty) 。 (More used for negative result)

Learn Chinese Grammar: 抓 (zhuā=to grab) and 捉 (zhuō=to grab): 抓 is grabbed by hand or claw whereas 捉 is grabbed by hand and foot. Example: The cat grabs the mouse. 1. 猫 (māo=cat) 抓 (zhuā=to grab) 老鼠 (l ǎ o ​ sh ǔ =mouse) 。 (By hand or claw) 2. 猫 (māo=cat) 捉 (zhuō=to grab) 老鼠 (l ǎ o ​ sh ǔ =mouse) 。 (By hand and foot)

Learn Chinese Grammar: 蹦 (bèng=to jump) and 跳 (tiào=to jump): 蹦 means "jump on both feet". 跳 means "jump upwards or forwards on both feet". Examples: I jump to the stage. 1. 我 (w ǒ =I) 蹦 (bèng=to jump) 到 (dào=to) 台上 (tái ​ shàng=on stage) 。 ( Jump on both feet) 2. 我 (w ǒ =I) 跳 (tiào=to jump) 到 (dào=to) 台上 tái ​ shàng=on stage) 。 ( Jump upwards on both feet)

When it means "even though", 尽管 (jǐn ​ guǎn) is stronger in meaning and tone than 虽然 (suīrán). 尽管 indicates that in spite of a certain fact, it makes no difference with the prior situation, 尽管 and 还是 should be used together. 虽然 may or may not have this implication. Example 1: Even though my body is abroad, but my heart is still at home. a. 尽管 (jǐn ​ guǎn =even though) 我人 (wǒ ​ rén= my body) 在 (zài=at) 国外 ( ​guó ​ wài= abroad) ，但 (dàn=but) 我 (wǒ=I) 心 (xīn=heart) 还是 (hái ​ shi=still) 在 (zài=at) 家 (jiā ​=home ) 的 (de) 。 (stronger than 虽然 ) b. 虽然 (suīrán=even though) 我人 (w ǒ r é n= my body) 在 (zài=at) 国外 ( ​guó ​ wài= abroad) ，但 (dàn=but) 我 (wǒ=I) 心 (xīn=heart) 还是 (hái ​ shi=still) 在 (zài=at) 家 (jiā ​=home ) 的 (de) 。 Example 2: Even though I am abroad, but I never get homesick. a. 虽然 (suīrán=even though) 我 (wǒ = I) 在 (zài=at) 国外 ( ​guó ​ wài= abroad) ，但 (dàn=but) 我 (w ǒ =I) 从来不 (cóng ​ lái ​ bù=never) 想家 (xi ǎ ng ​ jiā=homesick)...

管理 (gu ǎ nl ǐ =to manage) Responsible for a certain job to make it work smoothly. 经营 (j ī ngy í ng= to manage): Plan, prepare and manage the company. Example: How will the company manage it? 1. 公司 (gōng ​ sī=company) 怎么 (zěn ​ me=how) 管理 (gu ǎ n ​ l ǐ =to manage) ？ (Responsible for a certain job to make it work smoothly) 2. 公司 (gōng ​ sī=company) 怎么 (zěn ​ me=how) 经营 (j ī ngy í ng= to manage) ？ (Plan, prepare and manage the company)

总是 (z ǒ ngsh ì =always) is used for normal things. 老是 (l ǎ osh ì =always) is used for negative or dislike things. Example: He always got up at 11AM o'clock. 1. 他 (tā=he) 总是 (z ǒ ngshì =always) 11(shí ​ yī) 点 (di ǎ n=o'clock) 起床 (q ǐ chuáng=to get up) 。 (The speaker thinks that it is a normal thing) 2. 他 (tā=he) 老是 (l ǎ osh ì =always)11(shí ​ yī) 点 (di ǎ n=o'clock) 起床 (q ǐ chuáng=to get up) 。 (The speaker thinks that it is a negative thing)

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