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1) 专利patent审查examination指南guide中对技术方案technical
solution 的定义definition是:

English:

The definition of technical solution in the Patent Examination Guide is:

Indonesian:

Definisi solusi teknis dalam Panduan Pemeriksaan Paten adalah:

2) 对要解决的技术technical问题所采用use的利用utilize了自然natural规律laws的技术technical手段means 的集合collection

English:

A collection of technical means that utilizes natural laws for the technical problem to be solved

Indonesian:

Kumpulan sarana teknis yang memanfaatkan hukum alam untuk masalah teknis yang harus diselesaikan

3) 技术Technical手段means 通常usually是由技术technical特征features体现embodied的。

English:

Technical means are usually embodied by technical features.

Indonesian:

Sarana teknis biasanya direalisasikan oleh fitur teknis.

Learn to Translate: Chinese>English>Indonesian

1) 技术方案technical solution 是为研究research解决to solve各类all categories技术technology问题problems，有针对性targeted，系统性systematic的提出方法proposed method、应对措施solutions及相关对策 counter measures.

English:

Technical solutions are used to solve various technical problems, provide targeted and systematic proposed methods, response measures and related countermeasures while researching.

Indonesian:

Solusi teknis digunakan untuk memecahkan berbagai masalah teknis, memberikan metode usulan sistematis dan tertarget, melakukan langkah-langkah respons dan tindakan pencegahan terkait saat penelitian.

2) 内容可包括科研方案scientific research planning、计划方案project planning、规划方案planning scheme、建设方案development scheme、设计方案designing scheme、施工方案construction scheme、施工组织设计construction organization design、投标流程中bidding process的技术标文件Technical Standard Documents、大型吊装作业large hoisting operation的吊装作业方案hoisting operation plan、生产方案production decision、管理方案management plan、技术措施technical measures、技术路线technical routes、技术改革方案technical reform programs，等等。

English:

The contents may include scientific research planning, project planning, planning scheme, development scheme, designing scheme, construction scheme, construction organization design, technical standard documents in the bidding process, hoisting operation planning for large hoisting operations, production decision, management planning, technical measures, technical routes, technical reform programs, etc.

Indonesian:

Konten dapat mencakup perencanaan penelitian ilmiah, perencanaan proyek, skema perencanaan, skema pengembangan, skema desain, skema konstruksi, desain organisasi konstruksi, dokumen standar teknis dalam proses penawaran, perencanaan operasi pengangkatan untuk operasi pengangkatan besar, keputusan produksi, perencanaan manajemen, langkah-langkah teknis, rute teknis, program reformasi teknis, dll.

Learn Chinese Grammar - Part 2: 但是(dànshì=but) vs. 可是(kěshì=but) vs. 不过(bùguò= but):

If the following clause has a subject, 但是/不过must precede the subject, while 可是may precede or follow it.

Example:

I want to go to Poland but I don't have any money.

1.  我(wǒ=I)想(xiǎng=to want)去(qù=to go)波兰(Bōlán=Poland),可是(kěshì=but) 我(wǒ=I)没有(méiyǒu=have no)钱(qián=money)。(可是may precede the subject)

2.  我(wǒ=I)想(xiǎng=to want)去(qù=to go)波兰(Bōlán=Poland), 我(wǒ=I)可是(kěshì=but)没有(méiyǒu=have no)钱(qián=money)。(可是may follow the subject)

3.  我(wǒ=I)想(xiǎng=to want)去(qù=to go)波兰(Bōlán=Poland), 但是(dànshì=but)我(wǒ=I)没有(méiyǒu=have no)钱(qián=money)。(但是must precede the subject)

4.  我(wǒ=I)想(xiǎng=to want)去(qù=to go)波兰(Bōlán=Poland), 我(wǒ=I) 但是(dànshì=but)没有(méiyǒu=have no)钱(qián=money)。 (Wrong: 但是must not follow the subject)

5.  我(wǒ=I)想(xiǎng=to want)去(qù=to go)波兰(Bōlán=Poland), 不过(bùguò= but)我(wǒ=I)没有(méiyǒu=have no)钱(qián=money)。(不过must precede the subject)

6.  我(wǒ=I)想(xiǎng=to want)去(qù=to go)波兰(Bōlán=Poland), 我(wǒ=I) 不过(bùguò= but)没有(méiyǒu=have no)钱(qián=money)。(Wrong: 不过must not follow the subject)

Learn Chinese Grammar: 但是(dànshì=but) vs. 可是(kěshì=but) vs. 不过(bùguò= but):

不过 is more informal and mostly used in spoken Chinese. 不过has a softest intensity of tone (compared with 但是 and 可是). 不过 is often associated with the positive result. It includes, is used to say 'no' or 'negative thing' in a softer way (to avoid hurt someone's feelings) so it sounds 'positive.' (Here it also depends on personal preference).

Examples:

The house is new, but it's very dirty.

a.房子(fángzi=house)很(hěn=very)新(xīn=new)，但是(dànshì=but)很(hěn=very)脏(zāng=dirty) 。

b.房子(fángzi=house)很(hěn=very)新(xīn=new)，可是(kěshì=but)很(hěn=very)脏(zāng=dirty) 。(More used for negative result)

c. 房子(fángzi=house)很(hěn=very)新(xīn=new)，不过(bù​guò)很(hěn=very)脏(zāng=dirty) 。(Make negative result sounds 'positive')

Learn Chinese Grammar: 但是(dànshì=but) vs. 可是(kěshì=but) :

Learn Chinese Grammar: 但是(dànshì=but) vs. 可是(kěshì=but) :

但是is more formal, it can be used in colloquial but more often used in news or written language. 但是 has a strongest intensity of tone (tends to give more emphasis to the second clause). 可是 is usually used in spoken Chinese and has a less strong intensity of tone than 但是. 可是 is often associated with negative result (here it also depends on personal preference).

Examples:

The house is new, but it's very dirty.

a.房子(fángzi=house)很(hěn=very)新(xīn=new)，但是(dànshì=but)很(hěn=very)脏(zāng=dirty) 。

b.房子(fángzi=house)很(hěn=very)新(xīn=new)，可是(kěshì=but)很(hěn=very)脏(zāng=dirty) 。(More used for negative result)

Learn Chinese Grammar: 抓(zhuā=to grab) and 捉(zhuō=to grab):

Learn Chinese Grammar: 抓(zhuā=to grab) and 捉(zhuō=to grab):

抓 is grabbed by hand or claw whereas捉 is grabbed by hand and foot.

Example:

The cat grabs the mouse.

1. 猫(māo=cat)抓(zhuā=to grab)老鼠(lǎo​shǔ=mouse)。(By hand or claw)

2. 猫(māo=cat)捉(zhuō=to grab)老鼠(lǎo​shǔ=mouse)。(By hand and foot)

Learn Chinese Grammar: 蹦(bèng=to jump) and跳(tiào=to jump):

Learn Chinese Grammar: 蹦(bèng=to jump) and跳(tiào=to jump):

蹦 means "jump on both feet".

跳means "jump upwards or forwards on both feet".

Examples:

I jump to the stage.

1.我(wǒ=I)蹦(bèng=to jump)到(dào=to)台上(tái​shàng=on stage)。(Jump on both feet)

2. 我(wǒ=I)跳(tiào=to jump)到(dào=to)台上tái​shàng=on stage)。(Jump upwards on both feet)

Learn Chinese Grammar:尽管(jǐnguǎn=even though) vs. 虽然(suīrán =even though) :

When it means "even though", 尽管(jǐn​guǎn) is stronger in meaning and tone than 虽然(suīrán). 尽管 indicates that in spite of a certain fact, it makes no difference with the prior situation, 尽管and 还是 should be used together. 虽然 may or may not have this implication.

Example 1:

Even though my body is abroad, but my heart is still at home.

a. 尽管(jǐn​guǎn =even though)我人(wǒ​rén= my body)在(zài=at)国外(​guó​wài=abroad)，但(dàn=but)我(wǒ=I)心(xīn=heart)还是(hái​shi=still)在(zài=at)家(jiā​=home)的(de)。(stronger than 虽然)

b. 虽然(suīrán=even though) 我人(wǒrén= my body)在(zài=at)国外(​guó​wài=abroad)，但(dàn=but)我(wǒ=I)心(xīn=heart)还是(hái​shi=still)在(zài=at)家(jiā​=home)的(de)。

Example 2:

Even though I am abroad, but I never get homesick.

a. 虽然(suīrán=even though)我(wǒ = I)在(zài=at)国外(​guó​wài=abroad)，但(dàn=but)我(wǒ=I)从来不(cóng​lái​bù=never)想家(xiǎng​jiā=homesick)。

b. 尽管(jǐn​guǎn=even though)我(wǒ​= I)在(zài=at)国外(​guó​wài=abroad)，但(dàn=but)我(wǒ=I)从来不(cóng​lái​bù=never)想家(xiǎng​jiā=homesick)。- Wrong Sentence (The sentence should contains the "still" meaning - because 尽管and 还是 should be used together).

 

Learn Chinese Grammar:管理(guǎnlǐ=to manage) vs. 经营(jīngyíng=to manage):

管理(guǎnlǐ=to manage) Responsible for a certain job to make it work smoothly.

经营(jīngyíng= to manage): Plan, prepare and manage the company.

Example:

How will the company manage it?

1. 公司(gōng​sī=company)怎么(zěn​me=how)管理(guǎn​lǐ=to manage)？(Responsible for a certain job to make it work smoothly)

2. 公司(gōng​sī=company)怎么(zěn​me=how)经营(jīngyíng= to manage)？(Plan, prepare and manage the company)

Learn Chinese Grammar: 总是(zǒngshì=always) and 老是(lǎoshì=always)

总是(zǒngshì =always) is used for normal things.

老是(lǎoshì=always) is used for negative or dislike things.

Example:

He always got up at 11AM o'clock.

1. 他(tā=he)总是(zǒngshì =always) 11(shí​yī)点(diǎn=o'clock)起床(qǐchuáng=to get up)。(The speaker thinks that it is a normal thing)

2. 他(tā=he)老是(lǎoshì =always)11(shí​yī)点(diǎn=o'clock)起床(qǐchuáng=to get up)。(The speaker thinks that it is a negative thing)

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3. 培训pelatihan满意kepuasan度tingkat, degree 评估penilaian项目Butir包含meliputi以下berikut：

3. Butir penilaian tingkat kepuasan pelatihan meliputi hal-hal berikut:

4. 培训pelatihan部门departemen   => Departemen pelatihan

课程kursus名称nama =>   Nama kursus  

培训pelatihan讲师 Instruktur  => Instruktur pelatihan

5.课程kursus 内容konten

Konten kursus

6. 内容konten的连贯性Koherensi

The coherence of content

Koherensi konten

7. 内容的主次primer dan sekunder分明distinct/ Perbedaan nyata程度level/ Tingkat

The Distinct Level Between Primary and Secondary Content

Tingkat Perbedaan Nyata Antara Konten Primer dan Sekunder

https://www.grammarcheck.net/capitalization-in-titles-101/

8. 重点main point内容的深度Depth

Depth of main point content

Kedalaman konten poin utama

9. 内容的适用性Applicability/ Penerapan

Applicability of content

Penerapan konten

10. 尚可 lumayan/not bad

11. 讲师Instruktur  表现performance

Instructor   performance

Kinerja Instruktur  

12. 语言language简练Concise/singkat padat;表述statement清晰clear;重点focus突出prominent

Concise language; clear statement; prominent in main point

Bahasa singkat padat; pernyataan jelas; poin utama menonjol